How to format your references using the Trees citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trees. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Rabitz H (2006) Chemistry. Strong-arming molecular dynamics. Science 314:264–265

A journal article with 2 authors

Douglas T, Young M (2006) Viruses: making friends with old foes. Science 312:873–875

A journal article with 3 authors

Tarduno JA, Cottrell RD, Smirnov AV (2001) High geomagnetic intensity during the mid-Cretaceous from Thellier analyses of single plagioclase crystals. Science 291:1779–1783

A journal article with 5 or more authors

van den Bogaart G, Meyenberg K, Risselada HJ, et al (2011) Membrane protein sequestering by ionic protein-lipid interactions. Nature 479:552–555

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Silvapulle MJ, Sen PK (2001) Constrained Statistical Inference: Inequality, Order, and Shape Restrictions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Krafft M, Mantrala MK (eds) (2010) Retailing in the 21st Century: Current and Future Trends. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Whitman GJ, Kushwaha AC (2008) Mammography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast, and Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast. In: Hunt KK, Robb GL, Strom EA, Ueno NT (eds) Breast Cancer 2nd edition. Springer, New York, NY, pp 83–120

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trees.

Blog post

Fang J (2014) Human Quadrupeds Are Not Examples of Devolution. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1984) [Better Guidance Would Improve ADP Evaluations in Support of the Federal Managers’ Financial Integrity Act of 1982]. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kidder EO (2014) Self-administered HPV Testing as a Cervical Cancer Screening Option: Exploring the Perspectives of Hispanic and Arab Women in the United States. Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Stubbs J, Reyes R (2016) Don’t Waste Your Vote. Trade It. New York Times A27

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Rabitz 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Douglas and Young 2006; Rabitz 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Douglas and Young 2006)
Three or more authors: (van den Bogaart et al. 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Trees
Abbreviation	Trees (Berl. West)
ISSN (print)	0931-1890
ISSN (online)	1432-2285
Scope	Forestry Plant Science Physiology Ecology