How to format your references using the Trials in Vaccinology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Trials in Vaccinology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

M.D. Wang, A biophysicist marvels at the idea of grabbing microscopic particles with light by tweaking its phase, Nature 454 (2008) 921.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E.A. Holm, S.M. Foiles, How grain growth stops: a mechanism for grain-growth stagnation in pure materials, Science 328 (2010) 1138–1141.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

G.J. Van Tonder, M.J. Lyons, Y. Ejima, Visual structure of a Japanese Zen garden, Nature 419 (2002) 359–360.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.-S. Yang, J. Kim, S. Park, J. Jeon, Y.-E. Shin, S. Kim, Spatial and functional organization of mitochondrial protein network, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1403.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

W. Buckel, R. Kleiner, Supraleitung, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

T. Poibeau, H. Saggion, J. Piskorski, R. Yangarber, eds., Multi-source, Multilingual Information Extraction and Summarization, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Y. Mizuguchi, S. Specht, K. Isse, J.G. Lunz, A.J. Demetris, Biliary Epithelial Cells, in: S.P.S. Monga (Ed.), Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2011: pp. 27–51.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Trials in Vaccinology.

Blog post

[1]

J. O`Callaghan, SpaceX’s Dragon Capsule Arrives At ISS For First Time In Seven Months, IFLScience (2017).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Preliminary Observations on Past, Present, and Future, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2005.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J.-M.C. Nelson, The effect of class size on a teacher’s job satisfaction in a southeastern urban LEA, Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

G. Vecsey, It’s Form, Not Dysfunction, on Final Day, New York Times (2011) B16.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Trials in Vaccinology
ISSN (print)	1879-4378
Scope