How to format your references using the Tribology International citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tribology International. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wheeler AR. Chemistry. Putting electrowetting to work. Science 2008;322:539–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Helliker BR, Richter SL. Subtropical to boreal convergence of tree-leaf temperatures. Nature 2008;454:511–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Kim H, Chen J, Yu X. Ubiquitin-binding protein RAP80 mediates BRCA1-dependent DNA damage response. Science 2007;316:1202–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Mäkinen JT, Bertaux JL, Combi MR, Quémerais E. Water production of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) observed with the SWAN instrument. Science 2001;292:1326–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Bass F. Guide to the Census. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Korobov V. Chemical Kinetics with Mathcad and Maple. Vienna: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Bandieramonte M, Di Stefano A, Morana G. An ACO Inspired Strategy to Improve Jobs Scheduling in a Grid Environment. In: Bourgeois AG, Zheng SQ, editors. Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing: 8th International Conference, ICA3PP 2008, Cyprus, June 9-11, 2008 Proceedings, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 30–41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tribology International.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Measles Outbreak Hits New York City. IFLScience 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/measles-outbreak-hits-new-york-city/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Desktop Outsourcing: Positive Results Reported, but Analyses Could Be Strengthened. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Vickovic SG. Medical marijuana and the media. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Wasik JF. Accelerators Lend Help to a Business Idea Trying to Catch Fire. New York Times 2016:B2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tribology International
Abbreviation	Tribol. Int.
ISSN (print)	0301-679X
Scope	Mechanical Engineering Mechanics of Materials Surfaces, Coatings and Films Surfaces and Interfaces