How to format your references using the Tropical Plant Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tropical Plant Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik P (2003) Risky business. Nature 425:987

A journal article with 2 authors

Seelig B, Szostak JW (2007) Selection and evolution of enzymes from a partially randomized non-catalytic scaffold. Nature 448:828–831

A journal article with 3 authors

Ledderose J, Dieter S, Schwarz MK (2013) Maturation of postnatally generated olfactory bulb granule cells depends on functional γ-protocadherin expression. Sci Rep 3:1514

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Crook R, Prance J, Thomas KJ, et al (2006) Conductance quantization at a half-integer plateau in a symmetric GaAs quantum wire. Science 312:1359–1362

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Morris M (2011) Concise Dictionary of Social and Cultural Anthropology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Niwa M (2010) Characterization and Design of Zeolite Catalysts: Solid Acidity, Shape Selectivity and Loading Properties. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Moussa R (2016) Big-SeqDB-Gen: A Formal and Scalable Approach for Parallel Generation of Big Synthetic Sequence Databases. In: Nambiar R, Poess M (eds) Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking: Traditional to Big Data to Internet of Things: 7th TPC Technology Conference, TPCTC 2015, Kohala Coast, HI, USA, August 31 – September 4, 2015. Revised Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 61–76

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tropical Plant Pathology.

Blog post

Andrew E (2016) How To Stop Your Phone From Being Hacked. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1990) Space Data: Information on Data Storage Technologies. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Abedin G (2010) Exploring the potential of art-based education for adolescents with learning disabilities: A case study of engagement in learning through the arts. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Nechepurenko I, Hubbard B (2017) On Trip to Moscow, King Seeks Warmer Relations. New York Times A8

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Smaglik 2003; Seelig and Szostak 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Seelig and Szostak 2007)
Three or more authors: (Crook et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Tropical Plant Pathology
ISSN (online)	1983-2052
Scope