How to format your references using the Tumor Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Tumor Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hoag H. All systems go. Nature. 2004;427:568–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Beuther H, Schilke P. Fragmentation in massive star formation. Science. 2004;303:1167–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Rompolas P, Mesa KR, Greco V. Spatial organization within a niche as a determinant of stem-cell fate. Nature. 2013;502:513–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Zarivach R, Deng W, Vuckovic M, Felise HB, Nguyen HV, Miller SI, et al. Structural analysis of the essential self-cleaving type III secretion proteins EscU and SpaS. Nature. 2008;453:124–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pommier S, Gravouil A, Combescure A, Moës N. Extended Finite Element Method for Crack Propagation. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

1. Cazenave T, Costa D, Lopes O, Manásevich R, Rabinowitz P, Ruf B, et al., editors. Contributions to Nonlinear Analysis: A Tribute to D.G. de Figueiredo on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday. Basel: Birkhäuser; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Chalikias GK, Tziakas DN. Biomarkers of the Extracellular Matrix and of Collagen Fragments. In: Patel VB, Preedy VR, editors. Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2016. p. 87–124.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Tumor Biology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Are You Smarter Than A Crow? IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Applying Agreed-Upon Procedures: Airport and Airway Trust Fund Excise Taxes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2005 Nov. Report No.: GAO-06-199R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Salters DD. The effects of independent reading on the reading comprehension skills of sixth-grade students [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Pinker S. Can Students Have Too Much Tech? New York Times. 2015 Jan 30;A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Tumor Biology
Abbreviation	Tumour Biol.
ISSN (print)	1010-4283
ISSN (online)	1423-0380
Scope	General Medicine