How to format your references using the Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Plutzky J. Medicine. PPARs as therapeutic targets: reverse cardiology? Science 2003;302:406–407.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bashyam R, Zelenay P. A class of non-precious metal composite catalysts for fuel cells. Nature 2006;443:63–66.

A journal article with 3 authors

Putnam CD, Hayes TK, Kolodner RD. Specific pathways prevent duplication-mediated genome rearrangements. Nature 2009;460:984–989.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Piškorec M, Antulov-Fantulin N, Novak PK, Mozetič I, Grčar M, Vodenska I, Smuc T. Cohesiveness in financial news and its relation to market volatility. Sci Rep 2014;4:5038.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maier H. Chemiker im „Dritten Reich“. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015.

An edited book

Judd CM. Beginning Groovy and Grails: From Novice to Professional. Nusairat JF, Shingler J, eds. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Ghizzardi S, Molendi S, Rossetti M, Leccardi A. Cold Fronts in Cool Core Clusters. In: Böhringer H, Pratt GW, Finoguenov A, Schuecker P, eds. Heating versus Cooling in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies: Proceedings of the MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astronomy Conference held in Garching, Germany, 6-11 August 2006 Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2007. pp. 33–38.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology.

Blog post

Davis J. Comprehensive Review Of Statins Finds The Benefits Far Outweigh The Risks. IFLScience. IFLScience, 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/comprehensive-review-of-statins-finds-the-benefits-far-outweigh-the-risks/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. GAO Lead Division Plan for Automatic Data Processing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976 Nov. Report No.: 100074.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kehoe MI. Tobacco control: A qualitative assessment of the perceptions and practices of nurse practitioners [Doctoral dissertation]. [Phoenix, AZ]: University of Phoenix, 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow K. Beyond the Finish Line, Where Should Fans Gather? New York Times 2000;146.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Plutzky 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Bashyam and Zelenay 2006; Plutzky 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bashyam and Zelenay 2006)
Three or more authors: (Piškorec et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Abbreviation	Ultrasound Med. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0301-5629
ISSN (online)	1879-291X
Scope	Biophysics Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging Acoustics and Ultrasonics Radiological and Ultrasound Technology