How to format your references using the Universe citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Universe. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Blackstock, J. Researchers Can’t Regulate Climate Engineering Alone. Nature 2012, 486, 159.

A journal article with 2 authors

Medina-Elizalde, M.; Lea, D.W. The Mid-Pleistocene Transition in the Tropical Pacific. Science 2005, 310, 1009–1012.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ishizawa, N.; Setoguchi, H.; Yanagisawa, K. Structural Evolution of Calcite at High Temperatures: Phase V Unveiled. Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 2832.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Russ, W.P.; Lowery, D.M.; Mishra, P.; Yaffe, M.B.; Ranganathan, R. Natural-like Function in Artificial WW Domains. Nature 2005, 437, 579–583.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Boxer, H. Profitable Day and Swing Trading; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2014; ISBN 9781118835081.

An edited book

RNA Exosome; Jensen, T.H., Ed.; Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; Springer US: New York, NY, 2010; Vol. 702; ISBN 9781441978400.

A chapter in an edited book

Laird, F.N. Avoiding Transitions, Layering Change: The Evolution of American Energy Policy. In Germany’s Energy Transition: A Comparative Perspective; Hager, C., Stefes, C.H., Eds.; Palgrave Macmillan US: New York, NY, 2016; pp. 111–131 ISBN 9781137442871.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Universe.

Blog post

Andrew, E. Amazing Timelapse Of Asperatus Clouds Reminds Us That Clouds Can Act As A Fluid Too! Available online: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/amazing-timelapse-asperatus-clouds-reminds-us-clouds-can-act-fluid-too/ (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office FCC: Policies and Rules Concerning Children’s Television Programming--Revision of Programming Policies for Television Broadcast Stations; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 1996;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Kent, L. Justification-Suppression of Gender and Race Bias in Hiring: The Impact of Accountability. Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University: Edwardsville, IL, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W. U.S. Faulted Over Pay at Rescued Firms. New York Times 2012, B4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Universe
Abbreviation	Universe
ISSN (online)	2218-1997
Scope