How to format your references using the Violence and Gender citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Violence and Gender (VIO). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gordon DM. The Rewards of Restraint in the Collective Regulation of Foraging by Harvester Ant Colonies. Nature 2013;498(7452):91–93.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stanley S and Bloxham J. Convective-Region Geometry as the Cause of Uranus’ and Neptune’s Unusual Magnetic Fields. Nature 2004;428(6979):151–153.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee JLC, Everitt BJ and Thomas KL. Independent Cellular Processes for Hippocampal Memory Consolidation and Reconsolidation. Science 2004;304(5672):839–843.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Minokoshi Y, Kim Y-B, Peroni OD, et al. Leptin Stimulates Fatty-Acid Oxidation by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Nature 2002;415(6869):339–343.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Grous A. Fracture Mechanics 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ USA; 2012.

An edited book

Haberfeld MR and Sheehan D, (eds). Match-Fixing in International Sports: Existing Processes, Law Enforcement, and Prevention Strategies. Springer International Publishing: Cham; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhou S-M, Chiclana F, John RI, et al. Fuzzification of the OWA Operators for Aggregating Uncertain Information with Uncertain Weights. In: Recent Developments in the Ordered Weighted Averaging Operators: Theory and Practice. (Yager RR, Kacprzyk J, and Beliakov G. eds). Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing Springer: Berlin, Heidelberg; 2011; pp. 91–109.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Violence and Gender.

Blog post

Andrews R. Sea Snakes Have A Unique Sense For Detecting Underwater Movement. IFLScience; 2016. [Last accessed: 10/30/2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Disbursing Transactions, Naval Ship Research and Development Laboratory. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC; 1971.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Nasrollahzadeh Y. Support Group for Caregivers of Older Adults Affected by Dementia: A Grant Proposal Project. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Leg Injury May End Season for Cespedes. New York Times 2017;D5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gordon, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Gordon, 2013; Stanley and Bloxham, 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Stanley and Bloxham, 2004)
Three or more authors: (Minokoshi et al., 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Violence and Gender
ISSN (print)	2326-7836
ISSN (online)	2326-7852
Scope