How to format your references using the Virology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Virology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Madden, J.D.W., 2009. Materials science. Stiffer than steel. Science 323, 1571–1572.

A journal article with 2 authors

Medlock, J., Galvani, A.P., 2009. Optimizing influenza vaccine distribution. Science 325, 1705–1708.

A journal article with 3 authors

Peltier, W.R., Liu, Y., Crowley, J.W., 2007. Snowball Earth prevention by dissolved organic carbon remineralization. Nature 450, 813–818.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Rowland, H.M., Ihalainen, E., Lindström, L., Mappes, J., Speed, M.P., 2007. Co-mimics have a mutualistic relationship despite unequal defences. Nature 448, 64–67.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Weinberg, M.A., Froum, S.J., 2012. The Dentist’s Drug and Prescription Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., West Sussex, UK.

An edited book

Darie, C., 2006. Beginning ASP.NET 2.0 E-Commerce in C# 2005: From Novice to Professional. Apress, Berkeley, CA.

A chapter in an edited book

Prabhu, V.S., Alnaqi, A.A., Brooks, P.C., 2016. The Thermal Characterisation of a Disc Brake Rotor at Reduced Scale with Particular Reference to Pad Aspect Ratio, in: Andreescu, C., Clenci, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Automotive Congress EAEC-ESFA 2015. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 51–60.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Virology.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2013. New magnetic cycle of the Sun has begun as its magnetic field “flips upside down” [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1991. Meeting the Aviation Challenges of the 1990s: Experts Define Key Problems and Identify Emerging Issues (No. RCED-91-152). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hernandez, A.N., 2017. Connecting the Community: A Grant Proposal (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010. Scouting Report. New York Times E9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Madden, 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Madden, 2009; Medlock and Galvani, 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Medlock and Galvani, 2009)
Three or more authors: (Rowland et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Virology
Abbreviation	Virology
ISSN (print)	0042-6822
Scope	Virology