How to format your references using the Visualization of Mechanical Processes: An International Online Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Visualization of Mechanical Processes: An International Online Journal (VMP). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Kondoh, M., Foraging Adaptation and the Relationship between Food-Web Complexity and Stability, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 299, no. 5611, pp. 1388–91, February 28, 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Roeb, M. and Müller-Steinhagen, H., Engineering. Concentrating on Solar Electricity and Fuels, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 329, no. 5993, pp. 773–74, August 13, 2010.

A journal article with 3 authors

Royo-Torres, R., Cobos, A. and Alcalá, L., A Giant European Dinosaur and a New Sauropod Clade, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 314, no. 5807, pp. 1925–27, December 22, 2006.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Hanage, W. P., Fraser, C., Tang, J., Connor, T. R. and Corander, J., Hyper-Recombination, Diversity, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pneumococcus, Science (New York, N.Y.), vol. 324, no. 5933, pp. 1454–57, June 12, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Ehrlich, E. and Fanelli, D., The Financial Services Marketing Handbook, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.

An edited book

Dustin, M. and McGavern, D. Eds., Visualizing Immunity, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, XII, 292 p. 31 illus., 25 illus. in color, 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

Lajiness, M. J., Nonsurgical Therapy; Catheters; Devices, in The Underactive Bladder, M. B. Chancellor and A. C. Diokno, Eds., Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 69–81, 2016.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Visualization of Mechanical Processes: An International Online Journal.

Blog post

Andrew, D., Will Superfast ‘Quantum’ Computers Mean The End Of Unbreakable Encryption?, IFLScience, August 29, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, Embedded Computers: B-1B Computers Must Be Upgraded to Support Conventional Requirements, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, AIMD-96-28, Feb. 27, 1996.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sundell, M., From Fine Art to Fashion: Man Ray’s Ambivalent Avant-Garde, Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cline, E. H., Climate Change Doomed the Ancients, New York Times, May 28, 2014.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Kondoh, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Kondoh, 2003; Roeb et al., 2010).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Roeb et al., 2010)
Three or more authors: (Hanage et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Visualization of Mechanical Processes: An International Online Journal
ISSN (online)	2152-209X
Scope