How to format your references using the Water Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wilks, Y., 2007. Computer science. Is there progress on talking sensibly to machines? Science 318, 927–928.

A journal article with 2 authors

James, J.R., Vale, R.D., 2012. Biophysical mechanism of T-cell receptor triggering in a reconstituted system. Nature 487, 64–69.

A journal article with 3 authors

Karlseder, J., Smogorzewska, A., de Lange, T., 2002. Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss. Science 295, 2446–2449.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Ren, M., Yoshimura, Y., Takada, N., Horibe, S., Komatsu, Y., 2007. Specialized inhibitory synaptic actions between nearby neocortical pyramidal neurons. Science 316, 758–761.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Illian, J., Penttinen, A., Stoyan, H., Stoyan, D., 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Dong, S., Kassam, K.-A.S., Tourrand, J.F., Boone, R.B. (Eds.), 2016. Building Resilience of Human-Natural Systems of Pastoralism in the Developing World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

dos Santos Isaias, R.M., da Silva Carneiro, R.G., Santos, J.C., de Oliveira, D.C., 2014. Gall Morphotypes in the Neotropics and the Need to Standardize Them, in: Fernandes, G.W., Santos, J.C. (Eds.), Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 51–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2015. Child Camping At Yosemite National Park Contracts Plague [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2008. Traffic Safety: NHTSA’s Improved Oversight Could Identify Opportunities to Strengthen Management and Safety in Some States (No. GAO-08-788). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Delisio, J.P., 2017. Fighting For A Cure: The Berry Plan’s Impact on Civilian Medical Research (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, D., 2001. Mudville Can Never Die. New York Times 725.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wilks, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (James and Vale, 2012; Wilks, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (James and Vale, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Ren et al., 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research
Abbreviation	Water Res.
ISSN (print)	0043-1354
Scope	Ecological Modelling Pollution Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology