How to format your references using the Water Research X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Research X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haag, A., 2007. Climate of opportunity. Nature 448, 618–619.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ponce de León, M.S., Zollikofer, C.P., 2001. Neanderthal cranial ontogeny and its implications for late hominid diversity. Nature 412, 534–538.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kusano, K., Johnson-Schlitz, D.M., Engels, W.R., 2001. Sterility of Drosophila with mutations in the Bloom syndrome gene--complementation by Ku70. Science 291, 2600–2602.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Molnár, F., Jr, Derzsy, N., Czabarka, É., Székely, L., Szymanski, B.K., Korniss, G., 2014. Dominating scale-free networks using generalized probabilistic methods. Sci. Rep. 4, 6308.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Kumar, V., Petersen, J.A., 2012. Statistical Methods in Customer Relationship Management. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Smith, M.J., Salvendy, G. (Eds.), 2011. Human Interface and the Management of Information. Interacting with Information: Symposium on Human Interface 2011, Held as Part of HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part I, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Leclerc, M.Y., Foken, T., 2014. Footprint Studies, in: Foken, T. (Ed.), Footprints in Micrometeorology and Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 103–144.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Research X.

Blog post

Luntz, S., 2015. European Dinosaurs Died Off Fast [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/european-dinosaurs-died-fast/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 2007. Digital Television Transition: Questions on the DTV Converter Box Subsidy Program and a DTV Inter-Agency Task Force (No. GAO-08-297R). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Maafi, N., 2017. Assessment of Volatile Metabolites for In Situ Detection of Fungal Decay of Wood (Doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

de la MERCED, M.J., 2017. Tequila Maker Sold for Up to $1 Billion. New York Times B7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Haag, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Haag, 2007; Ponce de León and Zollikofer, 2001).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ponce de León and Zollikofer, 2001)
Three or more authors: (Molnár et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Research X
ISSN (print)	2589-9147
Scope