How to format your references using the Water Science and Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Water Science and Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ramirez, A.P., 2003. Geometric frustration: Magic moments. Nature 421, 483.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kelley, L.A., Endler, J.A., 2012. Illusions promote mating success in great bowerbirds. Science 335, 335–338.

A journal article with 3 authors

Schroeder, J.I., Kwak, J.M., Allen, G.J., 2001. Guard cell abscisic acid signalling and engineering drought hardiness in plants. Nature 410, 327–330.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Huang, H.-S., Allen, J.A., Mabb, A.M., King, I.F., Miriyala, J., Taylor-Blake, B., Sciaky, N., Dutton, J.W., Jr, Lee, H.-M., Chen, X., Jin, J., Bridges, A.S., Zylka, M.J., Roth, B.L., Philpot, B.D., 2011. Topoisomerase inhibitors unsilence the dormant allele of Ube3a in neurons. Nature 481, 185–189.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Donald, I.W., 2010. Waste Immobilization in Glass and Ceramic Based Hosts. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Paltoglou, G., Loizides, F., Hansen, P. (Eds.), 2014. Professional Search in the Modern World: COST Action IC1002 on Multilingual and Multifaceted Interactive Information Access, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Joshee, R., Sihra, K., 2013. Shakti as a Liberatory and Educative Force for Hindu Women, in: Gross, Z., Davies, L., Diab, A.-K. (Eds.), Gender, Religion and Education in a Chaotic Postmodern World. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp. 73–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Water Science and Engineering.

Blog post

Carpineti, A., 2016. Mars Has Gigantic Seasonal Dust Storms [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1993. Developing and Using Questionnaires (No. PEMD-10.1.7). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Miranda, P.J., 2015. Tightly-coupled sulfur-cycling microbial mats of the White Point hydrothermal vent field, CA: An analog for deep-sea vents (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, K., 2017. Seeking a Shift to Entrepreneurship, Executive Will Leave JPMorgan. New York Times B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ramirez, 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Kelley and Endler, 2012; Ramirez, 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kelley and Endler, 2012)
Three or more authors: (Huang et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	Water Science and Engineering
Abbreviation	Water Sci. Eng.
ISSN (print)	1674-2370
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Ocean Engineering