How to format your references using the Web Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Web Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Balter, M.: ARCHAEOLOGY: Paintings in Italian Cave May Be Oldest Yet, Science, 290, 419–421, 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hadders, M. A. and Lens, S. M. A.: Cell biology. Mind the midzone, Science, 345, 265–266, 2014.

A journal article with 3 authors

Imaizumi, T., Kay, S. A., and Schroeder, J. I.: Circadian rhythms. Daily watch on metabolism, Science, 318, 1730–1731, 2007.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Gross, T., Rudolf, L., Levin, S. A., and Dieckmann, U.: Generalized models reveal stabilizing factors in food webs, Science, 325, 747–750, 2009.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Zirngibl, L.: Antifungal Azoles, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, FRG, 2005.

An edited book

Derosas, R. and van Poppel, F. (Eds.): Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, XI, 319 p p., 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Brass, P.: Geometric Problems on Coverage in Sensor Networks, in: Geometry — Intuitive, Discrete, and Convex: A Tribute to László Fejes Tóth, edited by: Bárány, I., Böröczky, K. J., Tóth, G. F., and Pach, J., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 91–108, 2013.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Web Ecology.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: First Large Scale Solar Power To Be Built In China’s Gobi Desert, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Schools and Libraries Program: Update on State-Level Funding by Category of Service, GAO-01-673, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2001.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fanelli, R. M.: Effects of Urbanization and Infiltration-Based Watershed Restoration on the Hydro-Ecology of Headwater Streams, Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J.: ‘Today’ Host Discussing NBC Exit After Lewd Tape, , New York Times11th OctoberB6, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Balter, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Balter, 2000; Hadders and Lens, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hadders and Lens, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Gross et al., 2009)

About the journal

Full journal title	Web Ecology
Abbreviation	Web Ecol.
ISSN (print)	2193-3081
ISSN (online)	1399-1183
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology