How to format your references using the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yin Q (2013) Insolation-induced mid-Brunhes transition in Southern Ocean ventilation and deep-ocean temperature. Nature 494:222–225

A journal article with 2 authors

Lee RC, Ambros V (2001) An extensive class of small RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science 294:862–864

A journal article with 3 authors

Carlos C, Torres TT, Ottoboni LMM (2013) Bacterial communities and species-specific associations with the mucus of Brazilian coral species. Sci Rep 3:1624

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Suwa G, Kono RT, Katoh S, et al (2007) A new species of great ape from the late Miocene epoch in Ethiopia. Nature 448:921–924

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Holloway M, Nwaoha C (2012) Dictionary of Industrial Terms. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Reguero M (2013) Late Cretaceous/Paleogene West Antarctica Terrestrial Biota and its Intercontinental Affinities. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

A chapter in an edited book

Goldbeck-Wood S (2007) Psychoanalysis for Emergencies: A Toolkit for Trainees. In: Cockburn J, Pawson ME (eds) Psychological Challenges in Obstetrics and Gynecology: The Clinical Management. Springer, London, pp 33–42

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs.

Blog post

Andrew E (2015) Schrödinger’s Cat Gets A Reality Check. In: IFLScience. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2012) Batteries and Energy Storage: Federal Initiatives Supported Similar Technologies and Goals but Had Key Differences. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

So RJ (2010) Coolie democracy: U.S.-China political and literary exchange, 1925-1955. Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B (2017) A Prince’s Kingdom is Scattered to the Winds. New York Times C1

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Yin 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Lee and Ambros 2001; Yin 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lee and Ambros 2001)
Three or more authors: (Suwa et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs
ISSN (print)	1651-436X
ISSN (online)	1654-1642
Scope	Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Human Factors and Ergonomics Safety Research Transportation