How to format your references using the World Journal of Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Hepatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Miller AF. Materials science. Exploiting wrinkle formation. Science 2007; 317: 605–606.

A journal article with 2 authors

Contreras JL, Reichman JH. DATA ACCESS. Sharing by design: Data and decentralized commons. Science 2015; 350: 1312–1314.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chisholm SW, Falkowski PG, Cullen JJ. Oceans. Dis-crediting ocean fertilization. Science 2001; 294: 309–310.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Armani AM, Kulkarni RP, Fraser SE, Flagan RC, Vahala KJ. Label-free, single-molecule detection with optical microcavities. Science 2007; 317: 783–787.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fickelscherer RJ, Chester DL. Optimal Automated Process Fault Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Lopes L, Žilinskas J, Costan A, Cascella RG, Kecskemeti G, Jeannot E, Cannataro M, Ricci L, Benkner S, Petit S, Scarano V, Gracia J, Hunold S, Scott SL, Lankes S, Lengauer C, Carretero J, Breitbart J, Alexander M (eds). Euro-Par 2014: Parallel Processing Workshops: Euro-Par 2014 International Workshops, Porto, Portugal, August 25-26, 2014, Revised Selected Papers, Part II. Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Verde L. Statistical Methods in Cosmology. In: Wolschin G, editor. Lectures on Cosmology: Accelerated Expansion of the Universe. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2010: 147–177.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Hepatology.

Blog post

Carpineti A. The Brightest Ever Supernova Was Actually A Star Being Ripped Apart. IFLScience. 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Higher Education: Use of New Data Could Help Improve Oversight of Distance Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schultz SM. Interpreting the assemblages of Lonnie Holley through his performative explanations. 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: In Hindsight; Texas-Size Failure. New York Times. 1992; : 111.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Hepatology
ISSN (online)	1948-5182
Scope