How to format your references using the World Journal of Orthopedics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Orthopedics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stewart W. Applied physics. The power to set you free. Science 2007; 317: 55–56.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ma J, Lindquist S. Conversion of PrP to a self-perpetuating PrPSc-like conformation in the cytosol. Science 2002; 298: 1785–1788.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ackman JB, Burbridge TJ, Crair MC. Retinal waves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system. Nature 2012; 490: 219–225.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Tukiainen T, Villani A-C, Yen A, Rivas MA, Marshall JL, Satija R, Aguirre M, Gauthier L, Fleharty M, Kirby A, Cummings BB, Castel SE, Karczewski KJ, Aguet F, Byrnes A, Consortium G, Lappalainen T, Regev A, Ardlie KG, Hacohen N, MacArthur DG. Corrigendum: Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues. Nature 2018; 555: 274.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Duhon T. How the Trading Floor Really Works. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Gandon F, Sabou M, Sack H, d’Amato C, Cudré-Mauroux P, Zimmermann A (eds). The Semantic Web. Latest Advances and New Domains: 12th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2015, Portoroz, Slovenia, May 31 -- June 4, 2015. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing

A chapter in an edited book

Tian Y, Wang H, Jin W, Ni Y, Yu Y. A Pattern-Based Approach for Efficient Query Processing over RDF Data. In: Hameurlain A, Küng J, Wagner R, editors. Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems V. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012: 70–90.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Orthopedics.

Blog post

Andrew E. Can The Earth Feed 11 Billion People? Four Reasons To Fear A Malthusian Future. IFLScience. 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Human Capital: Attracting and Retaining a High-Quality Information Technology Workforce. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Norris C. What is Lost Along the Way. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Cooper M. Juilliard Announces New Leader. New York Times. 2017; : C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Orthopedics
ISSN (online)	2218-5836
Scope