How to format your references using the World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Yan H. Materials science. Nucleic acid nanotechnology. Science 2004; 306: 2048–2049.

A journal article with 2 authors

Han S, Brunet A. Cell biology. Lysosomal lipid lengthens life span. Science 2015; 347: 32–33.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yaguchi S, Yaguchi J, Inaba K. bicaudal-C is required for the formation of anterior neurogenic ectoderm in the sea urchin embryo. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 6852.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

LaBella VP, Bullock DW, Ding Z, Emery C, Venkatesan A, Oliver WF, Salamo GJ, Thibado PM, Mortazavi M. Spatially resolved spin-injection probability for gallium arsenide. Science 2001; 292: 1518–1521.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Lau JYF. An Introduction to Critical Thinking and Creativity. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Tong VCH (ed). Geoscience Research and Education: Teaching at Universities. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands

A chapter in an edited book

Vitasek K, Manrodt K, Kling J. U.S. Department of Energy Transforms Weapons Wasteland to Wildlife Site. In: Manrodt K, Kling J, editors. Vested: How P&G, McDonald’s and Microsoft are Redefining Winning in Business Relationships. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012: 61–87.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Physicists Recreate Substance Similar To The Plasma Believed To Have Existed At The Very Beginning Of The Universe. IFLScience. 2015. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/tiniest-liquid-also-hottest-ever-created-lab/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Maritime Administration: Weaknesses Identified in Management of the Title XI Loan Guarantee Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramakrishnan T. Rehabilitating Asymmetric Gait Using Asymmetry. 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kamensky J. Red, White, Black and Blue. New York Times. 2017; : BR27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
ISSN (online)	2218-6247
Scope