How to format your references using the World Journal of Stem Cells citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Journal of Stem Cells. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Cebrian J. ECOLOGY. Energy flows in ecosystems. Science 2015; 349: 1053–1054.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yao Z, Shafer OT. The Drosophila circadian clock is a variably coupled network of multiple peptidergic units. Science 2014; 343: 1516–1520.

A journal article with 3 authors

Asbury CL, Fehr AN, Block SM. Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism. Science 2003; 302: 2130–2134.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Grenfell BT, Pybus OG, Gog JR, Wood JLN, Daly JM, Mumford JA, Holmes EC. Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. Science 2004; 303: 327–332.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bragg SM. Running an Effective Investor Relations Department. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Alsmeyer G, Löwe M (eds). Random Matrices and Iterated Random Functions: Münster, October 2011. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer

A chapter in an edited book

Martín-Hervás C. Imaging of the Hemophilic Joints. In: Rodríguez-Merchán EC, editor. Joint Surgery in the Adult Patient with Hemophilia. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 29–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Journal of Stem Cells.

Blog post

Andrew E. End-Permian Extinction Happened Much Quicker Than Previously Thought. IFLScience. 2014.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: Improvement still Needed in Federal Aviation Security Efforts. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Grantham SC. Dual Eligibles’ Experience of Care in North Carolina’s Patient-Centered Medical Home. 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Williams J. The Head Honcho’s Head Honcho. New York Times. 2017; : BR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference ^[1].
This sentence cites two references ^[1,2].
This sentence cites four references ^[1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Journal of Stem Cells
ISSN (online)	1948-0210
Scope