How to format your references using the World Patent Information citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for World Patent Information. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D.E. Brash, Cancer. Preprocancer, Science 348 (2015) 867–868.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

M. Brüggen, C.R. Kaiser, Hot bubbles from active galactic nuclei as a heat source in cooling-flow clusters, Nature 418 (2002) 301–303.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

A.A. Ruefli-Brasse, D.M. French, V.M. Dixit, Regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent lymphocyte activation and development by paracaspase, Science 302 (2003) 1581–1584.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

K.J. Brennand, A. Simone, J. Jou, C. Gelboin-Burkhart, N. Tran, S. Sangar, Y. Li, Y. Mu, G. Chen, D. Yu, S. McCarthy, J. Sebat, F.H. Gage, Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells, Nature 473 (2011) 221–225.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

A. Köhler, H. Bässler, Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2015.

An edited book

[1]

K. Havelund, G. Holzmann, R. Joshi, eds., NASA Formal Methods: 7th International Symposium, NFM 2015, Pasadena, CA, USA, April 27-29, 2015, Proceedings, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

C. Zeltz, N. Lu, D. Gullberg, Integrin α11β1: A Major Collagen Receptor on Fibroblastic Cells, in: D. Gullberg (Ed.), I Domain Integrins, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2014: pp. 73–83.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for World Patent Information.

Blog post

[1]

J. Fang, Fanged Deer Spotted In Afghanistan, IFLScience (2014).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Aviation Security: Further Steps Needed to Strengthen the Security of Commercial Airport Perimeters and Access Controls, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2004.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.A. Martinez, Intervention workshops for members of multidisciplinary teams on hoarding: A grant proposal, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

S.M. Eldred, J. Eligon, Doctor Saw Prince a Day Before His Death, New York Times (2016) A10.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	World Patent Information
Abbreviation	World Pat. Inf.
ISSN (print)	0172-2190
Scope	Bioengineering Process Chemistry and Technology Computer Science Applications Energy Engineering and Power Technology Fuel Technology Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment Library and Information Sciences