How to format your references using the Zoology in the Middle East citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoology in the Middle East. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hejtmancik, J. F. (2015). Ophthalmology: Cataracts dissolved. Nature, 523(7562), 540–541.

A journal article with 2 authors

Otsuki, M., & Matsukawa, H. (2013). Systematic breakdown of Amontons’ law of friction for an elastic object locally obeying Amontons’ law. Scientific Reports, 3, 1586.

A journal article with 3 authors

Carr, S., Heard, D. E., & Blitz, M. A. (2009). Comment on “Atmospheric hydroxyl radical production from electronically excited NO2 and H2O.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 324(5925), 336; author reply 336.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Goswami, B. N., Venugopal, V., Sengupta, D., Madhusoodanan, M. S., & Xavier, P. K. (2006). Increasing trend of extreme rain events over India in a warming environment. Science (New York, N.Y.), 314(5804), 1442–1445.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Goddard Blythe, S. (2012). Assessing Neuromotor Readiness for Learning. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Chignell, M., Cordy, J. R., Kealey, R., Ng, J., & Yesha, Y. (Eds.). (2013). The Personal Web: A Research Agenda (Vol. 7855). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferraro, R. (2007). Transformation of the Electromagnetic Field. In R. Ferraro (Ed.), Einstein’s Space-Time: An Introduction to Special and General Relativity (pp. 117–134). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoology in the Middle East.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2014, December 31). Nearby Star Is On A Collision Course With Our Solar System. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/more-dozen-stars-will-be-making-close-encounters-earth/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Rail Transit: Reliability of FTA’s Rail Accident Database (GAO-11-217R). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chaves, J. S. (2009). Novel approach for the creation of thin films and interconnects using single walled carbon nanotubes inkjet technology and bacteria [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vanderwoude, M. (2016, July 17). Precious Scents on Father’s Day. New York Times, A22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hejtmancik, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Hejtmancik, 2015; Otsuki & Matsukawa, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Otsuki & Matsukawa, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Goswami et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoology in the Middle East
Abbreviation	Zool. Middle East
ISSN (print)	0939-7140
ISSN (online)	2326-2680
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology