How to format your references using the Zoomorphology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Zoomorphology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smith B (2012) Perspective: complexities of flavour. Nature 486:S6

A journal article with 2 authors

Milinski M, Rockenbach B (2007) Economics. Spying on others evolves. Science 317:464–465

A journal article with 3 authors

Martinez-Perez E, Shaw P, Moore G (2001) The Ph1 locus is needed to ensure specific somatic and meiotic centromere association. Nature 411:204–207

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Shima S, Pilak O, Vogt S, et al (2008) The crystal structure of [Fe]-hydrogenase reveals the geometry of the active site. Science 321:572–575

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gleeson K (2008) The Personal Efficiency Program. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Decker BD, Lapon J, Naessens V, Uhl A (eds) (2011) Communications and Multimedia Security: 12th IFIP TC 6 / TC 11 International Conference, CMS 2011, Ghent, Belgium, October 19-21,2011. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Fancy D (2015) Sustainability, Immanence and the Monstrous in Caryl Hurchill’s the Skriker. In: Mitchell RC, Moore SA (eds) Planetary Praxis & Pedagogy: Transdisciplinary Approaches to Environmental Sustainability. SensePublishers, Rotterdam, pp 95–106

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Zoomorphology.

Blog post

Hamilton K (2016) Our Ancestors Were Carnivorous Super-Predators, So Do We Really Have A Choice About Eating Meat? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/our-ancestors-were-carnivorous-super-predators-so-do-we-really-have-a-choice-about-eating-meat/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1992) Quantitative Data Analysis: An Introduction. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McClinton BE (2010) Preparing for the third age: A retirement planning course outline for lifelong learning programs. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly D (1995) Model Citizen. New York Times 720

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smith 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Milinski and Rockenbach 2007; Smith 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Milinski and Rockenbach 2007)
Three or more authors: (Shima et al. 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Zoomorphology
Abbreviation	Zoomorphology
ISSN (print)	0720-213X
ISSN (online)	1432-234X
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Developmental Biology