How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on Internet Technology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Alan Kotok. 2008. Science careers. Business financing for your research. Science 319, 5869 (March 2008), 1549.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Jiu-Lin Du and Mu-Ming Poo. 2004. Rapid BDNF-induced retrograde synaptic modification in a developing retinotectal system. Nature 429, 6994 (June 2004), 878–883.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zhongxiang Wang, Deepto Chakrabarty, and David L. Kaplan. 2006. A debris disk around an isolated young neutron star. Nature 440, 7085 (April 2006), 772–775.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Mary Higby Schweitzer, Zhiyong Suo, Recep Avci, John M. Asara, Mark A. Allen, Fernando Teran Arce, and John R. Horner. 2007. Analyses of soft tissue from Tyrannosaurus rex suggest the presence of protein. Science 316, 5822 (April 2007), 277–280.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

René Guinebretière. 2010. X-ray Diffraction by Polycrystalline Materials. ISTE, London, UK.

An edited book

[1]

Dietmar Winkler, Stefan Biffl, and Johannes Bergsmann (Eds.). 2014. Software Quality. Model-Based Approaches for Advanced Software and Systems Engineering: 6th International Conference, SWQD 2014, Vienna, Austria, January 14-16, 2014. Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Elke Pratje. 2007. Proteases of the Rhomboid Family in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. In Intramembrane-Cleaving Proteases (I-CLiPs), Nigel M. Hooper and Uwe Lendeckel (eds.). Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 79–88.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on Internet Technology.

Blog post

[1]

Elise Andrew. 2015. 3D Printed Bionic Hand Wins Dyson Award. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 from https://www.iflscience.com/technology/3d-printed-bionic-hand-can-be-made-just-2-days/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 2007. Federal Aviation Administration: Viability of Current Funding Structure for Aviation Activities and Observations on Funding Provisions of Reauthorization Proposals. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Thomas H. Cuthbertson. 2014. The fool’s replies: Toward a poetics of folly in Shakespeare’s comedies. Doctoral dissertation. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

James Poniewozik. 2017. Fox News Is Fixing For a Fight At Night. New York Times, C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 4, 7, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on Internet Technology
Abbreviation	ACM Trans. Internet Technol.
ISSN (print)	1533-5399
ISSN (online)	1557-6051
Scope