How to format your references using the ACM Transactions on the Web citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

R. J. Brook. 2000. W. David Kingery (1926-2000). Nature 406, 6796 (August 2000), 582.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

E. Ben-Jacob and H. Levine. 2001. The artistry of nature. Nature 409, 6823 (February 2001), 985–986.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Jeremy Field, Adam Cronin, and Catherine Bridge. 2006. Future fitness and helping in social queues. Nature 441, 7090 (May 2006), 214–217.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

Louise H. Jørgensen, Mai-Britt Mosbech, Nils J. Færgeman, Jesper Graakjaer, Søren V. Jacobsen, and Henrik D. Schrøder. 2014. Duplication in the microtubule-actin cross-linking factor 1 gene causes a novel neuromuscular condition. Sci. Rep. 4, (June 2014), 5180.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Edgar D. Zanotto. 2013. Crystals in Glass. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

[1]

K. -. H. Altmann. 2009. The Epothilones: An Outstanding Family of Anti-Tumor Agents: From Soil to the Clinic. Springer, Vienna.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Weiguo Han, Liping Di, Peisheng Zhao, Yaxing Wei, and Xiaoyan Li. 2008. Design and Implementation of GeoBrain Online Analysis System (GeOnAS). In Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems: 8th International Symposium, W2GIS 2008, Shanghai, China, December 11-12, 2008. Proceedings, Michela Bertolotto, Cyril Ray and Xiang Li (eds.). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 27–36.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for ACM Transactions on the Web.

Blog post

[1]

Janet Fang. 2015. Researchers Can’t Figure Out Why This Bird Flies Across the Entire Pacific Ocean And Back. IFLScience. Retrieved October 30, 2018 from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/researchers-can-t-figure-out-why-bird-flies-across-entire-pacific-ocean-and-back/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. 1994. SSA Services to Employers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

David Flores. 2014. The EastSide Café: A liberated learning zone. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Mary Pilon. 2012. Review of Texas Association Sought. New York Times, B11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [3, 4, 6, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	ACM Transactions on the Web
ISSN (print)	1559-1131
ISSN (online)	1559-114X
Scope	Computer Networks and Communications