How to format your references using the Geo-Marine Letters citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Geo-Marine Letters. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Goldston D (2009) Innovation strategy. Nature 461:585

A journal article with 2 authors

Broecker WS, Clark E (2001) Glacial-to-Holocene redistribution of carbonate ion in the deep sea. Science 294:2152–2155

A journal article with 3 authors

Kusky TM, Li JH, Tucker RD (2001) The Archean Dongwanzi ophiolite complex, North China craton: 2.505-billion-year-old oceanic crust and mantle. Science 292:1142–1145

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Poillet-Perez L, Xie X, Zhan L, et al (2018) Autophagy maintains tumour growth through circulating arginine. Nature 563:569–573

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rigo M (2014) Formal Languages, Automata and Numeration Systems 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Grueau C, Gustavo Rocha J (eds) (2016) Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management: First International Conference, GISTAM 2015, Barcelona, Spain, April 28-30, 2015, Revised Selected Papers, 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Cham

A chapter in an edited book

Zaumseil M, von Vacano M, Schwarz S (2014) Contextualizing the Research: Introduction to the Case Study in Java, Indonesia. In: Zaumseil M, Schwarz S, von Vacano M, et al. (eds) Cultural Psychology of Coping with Disasters: The Case of an Earthquake in Java, Indonesia. Springer, New York, NY, pp 105–127

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Geo-Marine Letters.

Blog post

Andrew D (2015) This Shocking Photograph Reveals The Reality Of Climate Change. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/one-image-captures-shocking-potential-future-polar-bears/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2010) Teen Driver Safety: Additional Research Could Help States Strengthen Graduated Driver Licensing Systems. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Huynh TN (2015) The healthy eating, aging and living program for older adults at union station homeless services: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sisario B (2017) The Weeknd Remains at No. 1 on the Charts. New York Times C3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Goldston 2009).
This sentence cites two references (Broecker and Clark 2001; Goldston 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Broecker and Clark 2001)
Three or more authors: (Poillet-Perez et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Geo-Marine Letters
Abbreviation	Geo-Mar. Lett.
ISSN (print)	0276-0460
ISSN (online)	1432-1157
Scope	Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology Oceanography Environmental Science (miscellaneous)