How to format your references using the Acta Ophthalmologica citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Acta Ophthalmologica. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman M (2007): The pain game. Nature 448: 400–401.

A journal article with 2 authors

Mas-Ballesté R & Que L Jr (2006): Chemistry. Targeting specific C-H bonds for oxidation. Science 312: 1885–1886.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kalokairinou L, Howard HC & Borry P (2014): Science and Regulation. Changes on the horizon for consumer genomics in the EU. Science 346: 296–298.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Schellekens M, Hoppeler R, Perrin A, Gomes JV, Boiron D, Aspect A & Westbrook CI (2005): Hanbury Brown Twiss effect for ultracold quantum gases. Science 310: 648–651.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Voit B, Haag R, Appelhans D & Welzel PB (2016): Bio- and Multifunctional Polymer Architectures. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Goetz T, Jaritz G & Oser F (Eds.) (2011): Pains and Gains of International Mobility in Teacher Education. Rotterdam: SensePublishers.

A chapter in an edited book

Qureshi AH (2013): Distinguished Essay: Reflections on the Global Trading Order Twenty Years After Marrakesh: A Development Perspective. In: Herrmann C, Krajewski M & Terhechte JP (eds.) European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2014. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 93–114.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Acta Ophthalmologica.

Blog post

Carpineti A (2015, October 28): Surprise Disk Of Young Stars Discovered Around Milky Way Center. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1988): Federal Aviation Administration’s Advanced Automation System Investment (No. T-IMTEC-88-3). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pearson RS (2008): Relationship Banking in a Competitive Environment With and Without Information Sharing: The Importance of Credit Bureaus in Microfinance (Doctoral dissertation). Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rothenberg B (2017, March 9): Tennis Divided by Wild Cards for Sharapova. New York Times, p. B8. B8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wadman 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Mas-Ballesté & Que 2006, Wadman 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Mas-Ballesté & Que 2006)
Three authors: (Kalokairinou, Howard & Borry 2014)
Four or more authors: (Schellekens et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Acta Ophthalmologica
Abbreviation	Acta Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1755-375X
ISSN (online)	1755-3768
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology