How to format your references using the Advances in Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Advances in Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Baker M. Fountain of funding for youth. Nature. 2007;448(7151):384.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang Q, Wang XB. Simulating of the measurement-device independent quantum key distribution with phase randomized general sources. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4612.

A journal article with 3 authors

West S, Gromak N, Proudfoot NJ. Human 5’ --> 3’ exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites. Nature. 2004;432(7016):522-525.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Huang JY, Zhong L, Wang CM, et al. In situ observation of the electrochemical lithiation of a single SnO₂ nanowire electrode. Science. 2010;330(6010):1515-1520.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Raheja DG, Allocco M. Assurance Technologies Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006.

An edited book

Chirila DB. Introduction to Modern Fortran for the Earth System Sciences. (Lohmann G, ed.). Springer; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Richard J, Robert JM, Malo S, Migneault J. Giving UI Developers the Power of UI Design Patterns. In: Smith MJ, Salvendy G, eds. Human Interface and the Management of Information. Interacting with Information: Symposium on Human Interface 2011, Held as Part of HCI International 2011, Orlando, FL, USA, July 9-14, 2011, Proceedings, Part I. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2011:40-47.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Advances in Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Nearby Star Has Three Planets Slightly Larger Than Earth, With One In Habitable Zone. IFLScience. January 16, 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highlights of a Forum: Health Care 20 Years From Now--Taking Steps Today to Meet Tomorrow’s Challenges. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Brient R. Performance Considerations for Philippe Gaubert’s “Madrigal.” Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Palmer E, Otis J. 4 Years After Hurricane Sandy, 2 Households Still Wait to Return Home. New York Times. November 19, 2016:A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Advances in Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Adv. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2452-1094
Scope	Oncology Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging