How to format your references using the International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dagotto, E. (2001). Superconductivity. The race to beat the cuprates. Science (New York, N.Y.), 293(5539), 2410–2411.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ma, Y., & Lin, C. (2013). Microbial oxidation of Fe²⁺ and pyrite exposed to flux of micromolar H₂O₂ in acidic media. Scientific Reports, 3, 1979.

A journal article with 3 authors

Ball, L. T., Lloyd-Jones, G. C., & Russell, C. A. (2012). Gold-catalyzed direct arylation. Science (New York, N.Y.), 337(6102), 1644–1648.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Batista, L. F. Z., Pech, M. F., Zhong, F. L., Nguyen, H. N., Xie, K. T., Zaug, A. J., Crary, S. M., Choi, J., Sebastiano, V., Cherry, A., Giri, N., Wernig, M., Alter, B. P., Cech, T. R., Savage, S. A., Reijo Pera, R. A., & Artandi, S. E. (2011). Telomere shortening and loss of self-renewal in dyskeratosis congenita induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature, 474(7351), 399–402.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schlechty, P. C. (2009). Leading for Learning. Jossey-Bass.

An edited book

Morazán, M. T., & Scholz, S.-B. (Eds.). (2010). Implementation and Application of Functional Languages: 21st International Symposium, IFL 2009, South Orange, NJ, USA, September 23-25, 2009, Revised Selected Papers (Vol. 6041). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Li, D., Li, Z., Ma, W., & Chen, H. (2010). Constrained Surface-Level Gateway Placement for Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks. In W. Wu & O. Daescu (Eds.), Combinatorial Optimization and Applications: 4th International Conference, COCOA 2010, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, December 18-20, 2010, Proceedings, Part II (pp. 46–57). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, August 14). Ancient Chinese Cave Writing Describes Social Impacts of Climate Change. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/ancient-chinese-cave-writing-describes-social-impacts-climate-change/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2011). Office of Science and Technology Policy: Violation of the Antideficiency Act (GAO-12-200T). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

McFarland-Mancini, M. (2006). Prolactin Production by Human Breast Adipose Tissue and Adipocytes [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Cincinnati.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Feeney, K. (2010, October 24). Local, Fresh and in Season. New York Times, NJ12.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dagotto, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Dagotto, 2001; Ma & Lin, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Ma & Lin, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Batista et al., 2011)

About the journal

Full journal title	International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences
ISSN (print)	2214-1391
Scope	General Nursing