How to format your references using the African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Stevenson, D. J. 2001. “Mars’ Core and Magnetism.” Nature 412 (6843): 214–219.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schwefel, Harald G. L., and Hakan E. Türeci. 2015. “Optics. A Chaotic Approach Clears up Imaging.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 348 (6231): 189–190.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lin, Y-J, K. Jiménez-García, and I. B. Spielman. 2011. “Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates.” Nature 471 (7336): 83–86.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Pfander, Boris, George-Lucian Moldovan, Meik Sacher, Carsten Hoege, and Stefan Jentsch. 2005. “SUMO-Modified PCNA Recruits Srs2 to Prevent Recombination during S Phase.” Nature 436 (7049): 428–433.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Arendt, J. S., and D. K. Lorenzo. 2000. Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Herrmann, Howard C., ed. 2005. Interventional Cardiology: Percutaneous Noncoronary Intervention. Contemporary Cardiology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

A chapter in an edited book

Fields, Gary S. 2006. “Should Poverty and Inequality Measures Be Combined?” In Poverty, Inequality and Development: Essays in Honor of Erik Thorbecke, edited by Alain de Janvry and Ravi Kanbur, 67–74. Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal.

Blog post

Luntz, Stephen. 2014. “Changing States? It’s Complicated.” IFLScience, IFLScience, November 7. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/changing-states-its-complicated/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Air Force ADP Procurement: Contracting and Market Share Information. IMTEC-90-35FS. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ameen, Umera. 2012. “Social and Political Climates’ Influence on Muslim American Students’ Intersectional Identity.” Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, Michael. 1992. “For Perot, a Time of Need.” New York Times, July 9, 1992.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Stevenson 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Stevenson 2001; Schwefel and Türeci 2015).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Schwefel and Türeci 2015)
Three authors: (Lin, Jiménez-García, and Spielman 2011)
4 or more authors: (Pfander et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal
ISSN (print)	1752-8631
ISSN (online)	1752-864X
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Sociology and Political Science Anthropology Cultural Studies Demography