How to format your references using the American Journal of Clinical Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Clinical Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Halyo V. Martin L. Perl (1927-2014). Nature 2014;516:330.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Vaquero-Sedas MI, Vega-Palas MA. Determination of Arabidopsis thaliana telomere length by PCR. Sci Rep 2014;4:5540.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Hannon JB, Shenoy VB, Schwarz KW. Anomalous spiral motion of steps near dislocations on silicon surfaces. Science 2006;313:1266-1269.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. Stecyk JAW, Stensløkken K-O, Farrell AP, et al. Maintained cardiac pumping in anoxic crucian carp. Science 2004;306:77.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Spotte S. Tarpons. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Lopes N. Machine Learning for Adaptive Many-Core Machines - A Practical Approach. (Ribeiro B, ed.). Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Benz AO, Battaglia M, Vilmer N. Location of Decimetric Pulsations in Solar Flares. In: Marqué C, Nindos A, eds. Energy Storage and Release through the Solar Activity Cycle: Models Meet Radio Observations. New York, NY: Springer; 2012:57-69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. These Two Black Holes Are On The Brink Of Merging Into One. IFLScience 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/space/closest-ever-pair-merging-black-holes-spotted/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Salary of Executive Director, National Advisory Council on Vocational Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1974.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Li X. Graph-based learning for information systems. 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Chapman MM. A Year in the Slow Lane in a ’30 Ford. New York Times. February 13, 2011:AU1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Clinical Pathology
Abbreviation	Am. J. Clin. Pathol.
ISSN (print)	0002-9173
ISSN (online)	1943-7722
Scope	General Medicine