How to format your references using the American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Chamberlin RV. Mean-field cluster model for the critical behaviour of ferromagnets. Nature. 2000;408(6810):337-339.

A journal article with 2 authors

Pons AJ, Karma A. Helical crack-front instability in mixed-mode fracture. Nature. 2010;464(7285):85-89.

A journal article with 3 authors

Zhong Y, Zhang L, Su D. Collaborations tailored for bioinformatics projects. Science. 2000;290(5499):2074a.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Briscoe WH, Titmuss S, Tiberg F, Thomas RK, McGillivray DJ, Klein J. Boundary lubrication under water. Nature. 2006;444(7116):191-194.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Han CC, Akcasu AZ. Scattering and Dynamics of Polymers. John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd; 2011.

An edited book

Das KN, Deep K, Pant M, Bansal JC, Nagar A, eds. Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Soft Computing for Problem Solving: SocProS 2014, Volume 2. Vol 336. Springer India; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Maraj CS, Martinez SG, Badillo-Urquiola KA, Stevens JA, Maxwell DB. Preliminary Review of a Virtual World Usability Questionnaire. In: Lackey S, Shumaker R, eds. Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality: 8th International Conference, VAMR 2016, Held as Part of HCI International 2016, Toronto, Canada, July 17-22, 2016. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2016:35-46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports.

Blog post

Andrew E. No, A Study Hasn’t Found That Smoking Weed Gives You Diabetes. IFLScience. September 14, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/no-study-hasnt-found-smoking-weed-gives-you-diabetes/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Aviation: Status of Air Service to Small Communities and the Federal Programs Involved. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Errett R. Acid Mine Drainage In The Big Muddy River Watershed. Doctoral dissertation. Southern Illinois University; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Sophia Kishkovsky; Compiled by. Arts, Briefly; Russian Officials Say Looted War Art Can Stay. New York Times. March 7, 2005:E2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
Abbreviation	Am. J. Ophthalmol. Case Rep.
ISSN (print)	2451-9936
Scope	Ophthalmology