How to format your references using the American Psychologist citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for American Psychologist. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Macilwain, C. (2013). The unlikely wisdom of Chairman Mao. Nature, 495(7440), 143.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sprangers, R., & Kay, L. E. (2007). Quantitative dynamics and binding studies of the 20S proteasome by NMR. Nature, 445(7128), 618–622.

A journal article with 3 authors

De Pontieu, B., Title, A., & Carlsson, M. (2014). Eyeing the Sun. Probing the solar interface region. Introduction. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6207), 315.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Tinker-Mill, C., Mayes, J., Allsop, D., & Kolosov, O. V. (2014). Ultrasonic force microscopy for nanomechanical characterization of early and late-stage amyloid-β peptide aggregation. Scientific Reports, 4, 4004.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sage, A. P., & Rouse, W. B. (2011). Economic Systems Analysis and Assessment. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fossorier, M. P. C., Imai, H., Lin, S., & Poli, A. (Eds.). (2006). Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes: 16th International Symposium, AAECC-16, Las Vegas, NV, USA, February 20-24, 2006. Proceedings (Vol. 3857). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Dimian, M., & Andrei, P. (2014). Noise Driven Relaxation Phenomena in Hysteretic Systems. In P. Andrei (Ed.), Noise-Driven Phenomena in Hysteretic Systems (pp. 141–165). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for American Psychologist.

Blog post

Luntz, S. (2015, January 15). Meteorite Challenges Theories of Asteroid Formation. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/meteorite-challenges-theories-asteroid-formation/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2007). Motor Carrier Safety: Federal Safety Agency Identifies Many High-Risk Carriers but Does Not Assess Maximum Fines as Often as Required by Law (GAO-07-584). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Yu, B. (2013). Periodic Motions and Bifurcation Tree in a Periodically Excited Oscillator with Quadratic Nonlinearity [Doctoral dissertation]. Southern Illinois University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Gustines, G. G. (2015, September 2). Familiar Face on ‘Sesame Street’ Tells of Her Own Childhood. New York Times, C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Macilwain, 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Macilwain, 2013; Sprangers & Kay, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Sprangers & Kay, 2007)
Three or more authors: (Tinker-Mill et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	American Psychologist
Abbreviation	Am. Psychol.
ISSN (print)	0003-066X
ISSN (online)	1935-990X
Scope	General Medicine General Psychology