How to format your references using the Animal Welfare citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Animal Welfare. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Campbell CT 2003 Surface science. Waltzing with O2. Science (New York, N.Y.) 299: 357.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barthelme D and Sauer RT 2012 Identification of the Cdc48•20S proteasome as an ancient AAA+ proteolytic machine. Science (New York, N.Y.) 337: 843–846.

A journal article with 3 authors

Siegel M, Buschman TJ and Miller EK 2015 Cortical information flow during flexible sensorimotor decisions. Science (New York, N.Y.) 348: 1352–1355.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Cho SM, Kim HV, Lee S, Kim HY, Kim W, Kim TS, Kim DJ and Kim Y 2014 Correlations of amyloid-β concentrations between CSF and plasma in acute Alzheimer mouse model. Scientific reports 4: 6777.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Black R 2016 Pragmatic Software Testing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

An edited book

Bramer M and Terziyan V (Eds) 2005 Industrial Applications of Semantic Web: Proceedings of the 1st IFIP WG12.5 Working Conference on Industrial Applications of Semantic Web, August 25–27, 2005, Jyväskylä, Finland. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Malatesta L, Karpouzis K and Raouzaiou A 2009 Affective Intelligence: The Human Face of AI. In: Bramer M (ed) Artificial Intelligence An International Perspective: An International Perspective pp. 53–70. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Animal Welfare.

Blog post

Luntz S 2017, May 8 Arctic Methane Seeps Might Cool, Not Warm, The Planet. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/arctic-methane-seeps-might-cool-not-warm-the-planet/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office 1991 Mass Transit Grants: Development Time Frames for Selected UMTA Projects. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Schreiber JS 2016 Discursive constructions of decline: Narratives of illness and financial stress among residents in assisted living. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B 2017, January 26 Midsummer in Newtown. New York Times: C9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Campbell 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Campbell 2003, Barthelme & Sauer 2012).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Barthelme & Sauer 2012)
Three or more authors: (Cho et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Animal Welfare
Abbreviation	Anim. Welf.
ISSN (print)	0962-7286
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology General Veterinary