How to format your references using the Journal of Nonverbal Behavior citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gu, L. (2003). Comment on “Climate and management contributions to recent trends in U.S. agricultural yields.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 300(5625), 1505; author reply 1505.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hellman, A., & Chess, A. (2007). Gene body-specific methylation on the active X chromosome. Science (New York, N.Y.), 315(5815), 1141–1143.

A journal article with 3 authors

Gitlin, A. D., Shulman, Z., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2014). Clonal selection in the germinal centre by regulated proliferation and hypermutation. Nature, 509(7502), 637–640.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Sun, L., Zhou, X., Huang, W., Liu, X., Yan, H., Xie, Z., et al. (2013). Preliminary evidence for a 1000-year-old tsunami in the South China Sea. Scientific reports, 3, 1655.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yu, J. (2013). Way of the Trade. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Brown, D. W. (2012). Mining the Earth’s Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy. (D. V. Duchane, G. Heiken, & V. T. Hriscu, Eds.). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Scheumann, M., Rabesandratana, A., & Zimmermann, E. (2007). Predation, Communication, and Cognition in Lemurs. In S. L. Gursky & K. A. I. Nekaris (Eds.), Primate Anti-Predator Strategies (pp. 100–126). Boston, MA: Springer US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Journal of Nonverbal Behavior.

Blog post

Fang, J. (2015, February 10). Light Pollution Shuts Down the Anti-Bat Defenses of Moths. IFLScience. IFLScience. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1974). Review of Estimate in Prime Contract N00019-71-C-0450 With Grumman Aerospace Corporation (No. 093132). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Reilly, J. M. (2008). The role of public opinion in China’s Japan policy: 1997–2007 (Doctoral dissertation). George Washington University, Washington, DC.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K. (2001, August 5). Challenging Coffee in Manhattan, and Taking a Lump or 2. New York Times, p. 145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gu 2003).
This sentence cites two references (Gu 2003; Hellman and Chess 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hellman and Chess 2007)
Three or more authors: (Sun et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Journal of Nonverbal Behavior
Abbreviation	J. Nonverbal Behav.
ISSN (print)	0191-5886
ISSN (online)	1573-3653
Scope	Social Psychology