How to format your references using the Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Harmon L. Journal club. An evolutionary biologist ponders the pace of evolution. Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cuzzi JN, Alexander CMO. Chondrule formation in particle-rich nebular regions at least hundreds of kilometres across. Nature. 2006 May 25;441(7092):483–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Shenvi N, Roy S, Tully JC. Dynamical steering and electronic excitation in NO scattering from a gold surface. Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):829–32.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wang YF, Liu F, Long ZL, Duan XJ, Cui Q, Yan JH, et al. Steady-state BOLD response modulates low frequency neural oscillations. Sci Rep. 2014 Dec 9;4:7376.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bécherrawy T. Mechanical and Electromagnetic Vibrations and Waves. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2012.

An edited book

Brandes U, Erlebach T, editors. Network Analysis: Methodological Foundations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2005. XII, 472 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; vol. 3418).

A chapter in an edited book

Rosselli F. The FANC B, E, F and G Genes and Their Products. In: Kirk SH, editor. Molecular Mechanisms of Fanconi Anemia. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2006. p. 54–60. (Medical Intelligence Unit).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore.

Blog post

Carpineti A. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Quantum Refrigerator Breakthrough Might Be Crucial For Future Of Computing. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/quantum-refrigerator-breakthrough-might-be-crucial-for-future-of-computing/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Automated Patent System: Information on PTO’s Program to Automate Patent Information and Processes. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992 May. Report No.: T-IMTEC-92-20.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Hammamy R. “Promoting responsible action in medical emergencies”: Determining the impact of a new University of Maryland alcohol protocol [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Lee L. Parties. Films. Free Food. That’s Entertainment! New York Times. 2000 Jan 30;91.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals, Academy of Medicine, Singapore
ISSN (print)	0304-4602
Scope