How to format your references using the Critical Studies in Media Communication citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Studies in Media Communication. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mooij, H. (2005). Physics. The road to quantum computing. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5713), 1210–1211.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gorostiza, P., & Isacoff, E. Y. (2008). Optical switches for remote and noninvasive control of cell signaling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 322(5900), 395–399.

A journal article with 3 authors

Clevers, H., Loh, K. M., & Nusse, R. (2014). Stem cell signaling. An integral program for tissue renewal and regeneration: Wnt signaling and stem cell control. Science (New York, N.Y.), 346(6205), 1248012.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Deb, K., Sivaguru, M., Yong, H. Y., & Roberts, R. M. (2006). Cdx2 gene expression and trophectoderm lineage specification in mouse embryos. Science (New York, N.Y.), 311(5763), 992–996.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wood, T., Anderson, M., & Analytics, F. (2010). The Commercial Real Estate Tsunami. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Chen, Y.-W., Torro, C., Tanaka, S., Howlett, R. J., & C. Jain, L. (Eds.). (2016). Innovation in Medicine and Healthcare 2015 (1st ed. 2015, Vol. 45). Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Zhou, S.-M., Chiclana, F., John, R. I., & Garibaldi, J. M. (2011). Fuzzification of the OWA Operators for Aggregating Uncertain Information with Uncertain Weights. In R. R. Yager, J. Kacprzyk, & G. Beliakov (Eds.), Recent Developments in the Ordered Weighted Averaging Operators: Theory and Practice (pp. 91–109). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Studies in Media Communication.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, March 6). You Probably Haven’t Heard Of These Five Amazing Women Scientists – So Pay Attention. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1990). Meeting the Government’s Technology Challenge: Results of a GAO Symposium (IMTEC-90-23). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Vatankhah, I. (2017). Purification of Industrial Grade Urea for diesel exhaust pollution reduction [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, K., & Haberman, M. (2017, August 25). Condemnation For President By a Top Aide. New York Times, A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mooij, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Gorostiza & Isacoff, 2008; Mooij, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gorostiza & Isacoff, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Deb et al., 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Studies in Media Communication
Abbreviation	Crit. Stud. Media Commun.
ISSN (print)	1529-5036
ISSN (online)	1479-5809
Scope	Communication