How to format your references using the Annals of Biomedical Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Biomedical Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. Rental disagreements. Nature 425:103, 2003.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yan, J., and R. W. Aldrich. LRRC26 auxiliary protein allows BK channel activation at resting voltage without calcium. Nature 466:513–516, 2010.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lee, C. C., Y. Hu, and M. W. Ribbe. Vanadium nitrogenase reduces CO. Science 329:642, 2010.

A journal article with 30 or more authors

Xu, X., Q. Tan, J. Wang, X. Zhao, and L. Tan. A gigantic bird-like dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of China. Nature 447:844–847, 2007.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Braha, A., and G. Groza. Moderne Abwassertechnik. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006.

An edited book

PET-CT: A Case-Based Approach. New York, NY: Springer, 2005, XX, 304 p. 472 illus., 107 illus. in color pp.

A chapter in an edited book

Brokate, M., and G. Kersting. Integrable Functions. In: Measure and Integral, edited by G. Kersting. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 41–52.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J. Mars Lander Crashed Because It Thought It Was Underground. , 2017.at <https://www.iflscience.com/space/mars-lander-crashed-because-it-thought-it-was-underground/>

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highway Safety Research and Development--Better Management Can Make It More Useful. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chamoun, T. J. A paleopathological survey of ancient Peruvian crania housed at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts: A special emphasis on scurvy. , 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. Paradise. , 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2, 4].
This sentence cites four references [2, 4, 6, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Abbreviation	Ann. Biomed. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0090-6964
ISSN (online)	1573-9686
Scope	Biomedical Engineering