How to format your references using the Annals of Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Baughman RH. MATERIALS SCIENCE: Putting a New Spin on Carbon Nanotubes. Science 2000;290:1310–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Whitesides GM, Grzybowski B. Self-assembly at all scales. Science 2002;295:2418–21.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Montrose K, Yang Y, Krissansen GW. The tetrapeptide core of the carrier peptide Xentry is cell-penetrating: novel activatable forms of Xentry. Sci Rep 2014;4:4900.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Yu B, Zhang H, Xu W, Li G, Wu Z. Remediation of chromium-slag leakage with electricity cogeneration via a urea-Cr(VI) cell. Sci Rep 2014;4:5860.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Alvarez PJJ, Illman WA. Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2005.

An edited book

[1]

Barbara B, Imry Y, Sawatzky G, Stamp PCE, editors. Quantum Magnetism. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Norguet J-P, Zimányi E, Steinberger R. Semantic Analysis of Web Site Audience by Integrating Web Usage Mining and Web Content Mining. In: Ting I-H, Wu H-J, editors. Web Mining Applications in E-commerce and E-services, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009, p. 65–80.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. Liquid Gallium Meets A Bluetooth Speaker And A Freaky Dance Ensues. IFLScience 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/liquid-gallium-meets-bluetooth-speaker-freaky-dance-ensues/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Army Networks: Select Programs Are Utilizing Competition to Varying Degrees. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Swift I. The Perceived Effect of Hidden Costs on the Operational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: A Qualitative Study. Doctoral dissertation. University of Phoenix, 2011.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Billard M. At J. Crew’s Bridal Store, a Parisian Air. New York Times 2010:E6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Ann. Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1047-2797
Scope	Epidemiology