How to format your references using the Annals of Leisure Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Annals of Leisure Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dulac, Catherine. 2010. “Brain Function and Chromatin Plasticity.” Nature 465 (7299): 728–735.

A journal article with 2 authors

Liao, Shiping, and Nadrian C. Seeman. 2004. “Translation of DNA Signals into Polymer Assembly Instructions.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5704): 2072–2074.

A journal article with 3 authors

Acquisti, Alessandro, Laura Brandimarte, and George Loewenstein. 2015. “Privacy and Human Behavior in the Age of Information.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 347 (6221): 509–514.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Valla, T., A. V. Fedorov, Jinho Lee, J. C. Davis, and G. D. Gu. 2006. “The Ground State of the Pseudogap in Cuprate Superconductors.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 314 (5807): 1914–1916.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sadati, Nasser, Guy A. Dumont, Kaveh Akbari Hamed, and William A. Gruver. 2012. Hybrid Control and Motion Planning of Dynamical Legged Locomotion. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Rinderle-Ma, Stefanie, Farouk Toumani, and Karsten Wolf, eds. 2011. Business Process Management: 9th International Conference, BPM 2011, Clermont-Ferrand, France, August 30 - September 2, 2011. Proceedings. Vol. 6896. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Kemp, Alison, Sabine Maguire, and Paul Davis. 2011. “Physical Child Abuse.” In Clinical Forensic Medicine: A Physician’s Guide, edited by Margaret M. Stark, 169–202. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Annals of Leisure Research.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Nearby Star Has Three Planets Slightly Larger Than Earth, With One In Habitable Zone.” IFLScience, IFLScience, January 16.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2016. Emergency Communications: Survey of Selected Federal Agencies’ Use and Procurement of Land Mobile Radio Equipment (GAO-17-13SP, October 5, 2016), an E-Supplement to GAO-17-12. GAO-17-13SP. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Campbell, Ashley B. 2015. “An Analysis of the Demography and Habitat Usage of Roatán’s Spiny-Tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura Oedirhina.” Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, Kelly. 2003. “A Noble Little Troupe Faces A Cruel Foe: The Rent.” New York Times, February 16, 2003.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Dulac 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Dulac 2010; Liao and Seeman 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Liao and Seeman 2004)
Three authors: (Acquisti, Brandimarte, and Loewenstein 2015)
4 or more authors: (Valla et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Annals of Leisure Research
Abbreviation	Ann. Leis. Res.
ISSN (print)	1174-5398
ISSN (online)	2159-6816
Scope	Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management Social Psychology Geography, Planning and Development Cultural Studies