How to format your references using the Antonie van Leeuwenhoek citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Budd G (2001) Climbing life’s tree. Nature 412:487

A journal article with 2 authors

Abraham RT, Tibbetts RS (2005) Cell biology. Guiding ATM to broken DNA. Science 308:510–511

A journal article with 3 authors

Lazzaro BP, Sceurman BK, Clark AG (2004) Genetic basis of natural variation in D. melanogaster antibacterial immunity. Science 303:1873–1876

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Zhao H, Zhou Z, Dong H, et al (2013) A facile method to align carbon nanotubes on polymeric membrane substrate. Sci Rep 3:3480

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

De Vos A (2010) Reversible Computing. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany

An edited book

Maimon O, Rokach L (eds) (2008) Soft Computing for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Springer US, Boston, MA

A chapter in an edited book

Boothby B (2015) Autonomous Attack—Opportunity or Spectre? In: Gill TD, Geiß R, Heinsch R, et al. (eds) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2013. T.M.C. Asser Press, The Hague, pp 71–88

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.

Blog post

Taub B (2016) World Trade Center Rescue Workers May Be At Risk Of Early Dementia. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/world-trade-center-rescue-workers-risk-early-dementia/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1999) Year 2000 Computing Crisis: Readiness of the Electric Power Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Loretz N (2009) Human trafficking: Identification, education, and awareness: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Greenhouse L (2005) Case Reopens Abortion Issue for Justices. New York Times A21

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Budd 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Budd 2001; Abraham and Tibbetts 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Abraham and Tibbetts 2005)
Three or more authors: (Zhao et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Abbreviation	Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
ISSN (print)	0003-6072
ISSN (online)	1572-9699
Scope	Molecular Biology Microbiology General Medicine