How to format your references using the Cancer Epidemiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Epidemiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

D. Butler, Quake triggers research expedition, Nature 423 (2003) 673.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

J. Hanrieder, A.G. Ewing, Spatial elucidation of spinal cord lipid- and metabolite- regulations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 5266.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

S.D. Donner, M. Kandlikar, H. Zerriffi, Environment and development. Preparing to manage climate change financing, Science 334 (2011) 908–909.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

R.A. Nicoll, J. Mellor, M. Frerking, D. Schmitz, Kainate receptors and synaptic plasticity, Nature 406 (2000) 957.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

C.J. Zarowski, An Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Electrical and Computer Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2004.

An edited book

[1]

V. Saari, Continuous-Time Low-Pass Filters for Integrated Wideband Radio Receivers, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

I. Shin, M. Kim, H. Choo, On Generating Backbone Trees through Robust Multi-hop Clusters in Wireless Sensor Networks, in: S. Lee, H. Choo, S. Ha, I.C. Shin (Eds.), Computer-Human Interaction: 8th Asia-Pacific Conference, APCHI 2008 Seoul, Korea, July 6-9, 2008 Proceedings, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008: pp. 30–39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Epidemiology.

Blog post

[1]

E. Andrew, This Key Pathway For Hair Follicles And Skin Regeneration Could Be A Game Changer for Burn Victims, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/key-pathway-hair-follicles-and-skin-regeneration-could-be-game-change-burn/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Commercial Aviation: Programs and Options for the Federal Approach to Providing and Improving Air Service to Small Communities, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

J. Yuan, Two Essays on Asset Pricing, Doctoral dissertation, George Washington University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

J. Wagner, Cubs Pull Even as the Indians’ Play Proves Sloppier Than the Weather, New York Times (2016) B13.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Epidemiology
Abbreviation	Cancer Epidemiol.
ISSN (print)	1877-7821
Scope	Cancer Research Epidemiology Oncology