How to format your references using the Applied Computing and Geosciences citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Computing and Geosciences. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Benitez-Nelson, C., 2015. Ocean chemistry. The missing link in oceanic phosphorus cycling? Science 348, 759–760.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johnson, K.A., Ashcroft, N.W., 2000. Structure and bandgap closure in dense hydrogen. Nature 403, 632–635.

A journal article with 3 authors

Sambur, J.B., Novet, T., Parkinson, B.A., 2010. Multiple exciton collection in a sensitized photovoltaic system. Science 330, 63–66.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Minobe, S., Kuwano-Yoshida, A., Komori, N., Xie, S.-P., Small, R.J., 2008. Influence of the Gulf Stream on the troposphere. Nature 452, 206–209.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Sue, D.W., 2003. Overcoming Our Racism. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Pnueli, A., Virbitskaite, I., Voronkov, A. (Eds.), 2010. Perspectives of Systems Informatics: 7th International Andrei Ershov Memorial Conference, PSI 2009, Novosibirsk, Russia, June 15-19, 2009. Revised Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Llinás, R.R., 2009. Umwelt: A Psychomotor Functional Event, in: Berthoz, A., Christen, Y. (Eds.), Neurobiology of “Umwelt”: How Living Beings Perceive the World, Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 29–37.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Computing and Geosciences.

Blog post

Hamilton, K., 2016. The 5p Carrier Bag Charge Has Paved The Way For Other Waste Reduction Policies [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/environment/the-5p-carrier-bag-charge-has-paved-the-way-for-other-waste-reduction-policies/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1990. Space Communications: Performance of NASA’s White Sands Ground Terminal (No. IMTEC-90-56). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Matta Veera Venkata, S., 2015. Ensuring security and authentication using zero knowledge protocol in wireless sensor network applications (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Crow, K., 2001. In Manhattanville, Hard Way to the Subway. New York Times 145.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Benitez-Nelson, 2015).
This sentence cites two references (Benitez-Nelson, 2015; Johnson and Ashcroft, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Johnson and Ashcroft, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Minobe et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Computing and Geosciences
ISSN (print)	2590-1974
Scope