How to format your references using the Applied Nanoscience citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Nanoscience. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Phillips R (2011) Jonathan Widom (1955-2011). Nature 476:400

A journal article with 2 authors

Hannonen M, Sundström L (2003) Sociobiology: Worker nepotism among polygynous ants. Nature 421:910

A journal article with 3 authors

Foukal P, North G, Wigley T (2004) Climate. A stellar view on solar variations and climate. Science 306:68–69

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Singh PK, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP, Welsh MJ (2002) A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development. Nature 417:552–555

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Crook T, Kemp PA (2010) Transforming Private Landlords. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK

An edited book

Isokoski P, Springare J (eds) (2012) Haptics: Perception, Devices, Mobility, and Communication: International Conference, EuroHaptics 2012, Tampere, Finland, June 13-15, 2012. Proceedings, Part I. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Eppelbaum L, Khesin B (2012) Regional Physical-Geological Models and Regioning. In: Khesin B (ed) Geophysical Studies in the Caucasus. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 139–217

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Nanoscience.

Blog post

Taub B (2015) Report Finds Rise Of Artificial Intelligence Could Spark Mass Unemployment And Inequality. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/artificial-intelligence-could-cause-mass-unemployment-and-inequality/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1994) Elementary School Children: Many Change Schools Frequently, Harming Their Education. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Restrepo E (2009) Eventalizing blackness in Colombia. Doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Zucchino D, Solomon BC (2017) Newly Freed From ISIS but Stuck Without Water, Neighbors Find a Way. New York Times A4

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Phillips 2011).
This sentence cites two references (Hannonen and Sundström 2003; Phillips 2011).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hannonen and Sundström 2003)
Three or more authors: (Singh et al. 2002)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Nanoscience
Abbreviation	Appl. Nanosci.
ISSN (print)	2190-5509
ISSN (online)	2190-5517
Scope