How to format your references using the Applied Research in Quality of Life citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Applied Research in Quality of Life. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Morell, V. (2014). When the bat sings. Science (New York, N.Y.), 344(6190), 1334–1337.

A journal article with 2 authors

Lomakin, I. B., & Steitz, T. A. (2013). The initiation of mammalian protein synthesis and mRNA scanning mechanism. Nature, 500(7462), 307–311.

A journal article with 3 authors

Riolo, R. L., Cohen, M. D., & Axelrod, R. (2001). Evolution of cooperation without reciprocity. Nature, 414(6862), 441–443.

A journal article with 8 or more authors

Luo, S. X., Huang, J., Li, Q., Mohammad, H., Lee, C.-Y., Krishna, K., et al. (2018). Regulation of feeding by somatostatin neurons in the tuberal nucleus. Science (New York, N.Y.), 361(6397), 76–81.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Abdullaeva, Z. (2017). Nano- and Biomaterials. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Byrnes, J. (Ed.). (2007). Imaging for Detection and Identification. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

A chapter in an edited book

Jimbo, K., Takamura, H., & Okumura, M. (2009). Solving Crossword Puzzles Using Extended Potts Model. In H. Hattori, T. Kawamura, T. Idé, M. Yokoo, & Y. Murakami (Eds.), New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence: JSAI 2008 Conference and Workshops, Asahikawa, Japan, June 11-13, 2008, Revised Selected Papers (pp. 39–47). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Applied Research in Quality of Life.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2014, May 13). Resveratrol Might Not Be All It’s Cracked Up To Be. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/resveratrol-might-not-be-all-its-cracked-be/. Accessed 30 October 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1970). Sole-Source Contract Awards for Assembly of Radio Communication Systems, AN/GRC-142 (No. B-165004). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Allen, S. D. (2014). Putting out fires: How communication professionals understand and practice conflict resolution (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G. (2010, December 10). One Bowl That Counts And 34 Others. New York Times, p. B9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Morell 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Lomakin and Steitz 2013; Morell 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Lomakin and Steitz 2013)
Three or more authors: (Luo et al. 2018)

About the journal

Full journal title	Applied Research in Quality of Life
Abbreviation	Appl. Res. Qual. Life
ISSN (print)	1871-2584
ISSN (online)	1871-2576
Scope	Life-span and Life-course Studies