How to format your references using the Aquatic Ecology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Aquatic Ecology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Service RF (2006) American Chemical Society meeting. Snapshots from the meeting. Science 314:47

A journal article with 2 authors

Keightley PD, Otto SP (2006) Interference among deleterious mutations favours sex and recombination in finite populations. Nature 443:89–92

A journal article with 3 authors

Shim SH, Duffy TS, Shen G (2001) The post-spinel transformation in Mg2SiO4 and its relation to the 660-km seismic discontinuity. Nature 411:571–574

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Le Grand R, Mondloch CJ, Maurer D, Brent HP (2001) Neuroperception. Early visual experience and face processing. Nature 410:890

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Rosier JA, Martens MA, Thomas JR (2014) Global New Drug Development. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Aubert G (2006) Mathematical Problems in Image Processing: Partial Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations, Second Edition. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Wong K, Leung K, Kwan R, Tsang P (2010) E-Learning: Developing a Simple Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System Using Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment and Adaptive Testing Technology. In: Tsang P, Cheung SKS, Lee VSK, Huang R (eds) Hybrid Learning: Third International Conference, ICHL 2010, Beijing, China, August 16-18, 2010. Proceedings. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 23–34

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Aquatic Ecology.

Blog post

Luntz S (2014) Five Reasons Bats Really Are Scary, and One Why They Aren’t. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/five-reasons-bats-really-are-scary-and-one-why-they-arent/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2013) FAA Facilities: Improved Condition Assessment Methods Could Better Inform Maintenance Decisions and Capital- Planning Efforts. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Peto J (2009) A defense of Donald Davidson’s dissolution to the problem of global skepticism. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW, Cooper M (2012) Recommendations for State and National Policy Makers. New York Times A3

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Service 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Keightley and Otto 2006; Service 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Keightley and Otto 2006)
Three or more authors: (Le Grand et al. 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Aquatic Ecology
Abbreviation	Aquat. Ecol.
ISSN (print)	1386-2588
ISSN (online)	1573-5125
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics General Agricultural and Biological Sciences