How to format your references using the Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Scodeggio M. 2001. Astronomy. Toward resolving the mystery of galaxy formation. Science 294: 537–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cannavo E and Cejka P. 2014. Sae2 promotes dsDNA endonuclease activity within Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 to resect DNA breaks. Nature 514: 122–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bliss TVP, Collingridge GL, and Laroche S. 2006. Neuroscience. ZAP and ZIP, a story to forget. Science 313: 1058–9.

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Gohle C, Udem T, Herrmann M, et al. 2005. A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet. Nature 436: 234–7.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Liu W and Pecht M. 2005. IC Component Sockets. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Fultz B. 2008. Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials. (JM Howe, Ed). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Padula F and Visioli A. 2015. $$\fancyscript{H}_\infty $$ H ∞ Control of Fractional Systems. In: Visioli A (Ed). Advances in Robust Fractional Control. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2014. What would it look like if a person fell into a volcano? https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-would-it-look-if-person-fell-volcano/. Viewed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1973. Procedures To Recover Defaulted Loans Under the Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Martinez AM. 2010. Moving in foster care: Voices of adults who experienced multiple foster care placements in childhood (Doctoral dissertation). Long Beach, CA: California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Rosenberg E and Surico J. 2016. Beam Falls From a Crane, Killing 2 Workers in Queens. New York Times A23.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Scodeggio 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Scodeggio 2001; Cannavo and Cejka 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Cannavo and Cejka 2014)
Three or more authors: (Gohle et al. 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
Abbreviation	Front. Ecol. Environ.
ISSN (print)	1540-9295
ISSN (online)	1540-9309
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology