How to format your references using the Archives of Hand and Microsurgery citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Hand and Microsurgery (AHM). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Percy AK. Neuroscience. Path to treat Rett syndrome. Science. 2013;342(6156):318–320.

A journal article with 2 authors

Schulze-Lefert P, Bieri S. Plant sciences. Recognition at a distance. Science. 2005;308(5721):506–508.

A journal article with 3 authors

Parry M, Lowe J, Hanson C. Overshoot, adapt and recover. Nature. 2009;458(7242):1102–1103.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Battin TJ, Kaplan LA, Denis Newbold J, Hansen CME. Contributions of microbial biofilms to ecosystem processes in stream mesocosms. Nature. 2003;426(6965):439–442.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Fencott C, Lockyer M, Clay J, Massey P. Game Invaders. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Cena L. La relazione genitore-bambino: Dalla psicoanalisi infantile alle nuove prospettive evoluzionistiche dell’attaccamento. Milano: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Broszat M, Grohmann E. Horizontal Gene Transfer in Planktonic and Biofilm Modes. In: Rumbaugh KP, Ahmad I, editors. Antibiofilm Agents: From Diagnosis to Treatment and Prevention. 2014. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 67–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Hand and Microsurgery.

Blog post

Luntz S. Tiny Marine Creatures Reveal The Environmental Limits To Diversity. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/tiny-marine-creatures-reveal-the-environmental-limits-to-diversity/. Accessed 30 October 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Detroit City Airport. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Subbarao S. An 8-PSK super regenerative receiver: Design and simulation. 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Saslow L. Young, Female, Energetic and, Now, Dean. New York Times. 2008;LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
ISSN (print)	2586-3290
ISSN (online)	2586-3533
Scope