How to format your references using the Radiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Radiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Holdsworth RE. Planetary science. Weak faults--rotten cores. Science. 2004;303(5655):181–182.

A journal article with 2 authors

Barnes W, Sambles R. Physics. Only skin deep. Science. 2004;305(5685):785–786.

A journal article with 3 authors

Chandrappa GT, Steunou N, Livage J. Materials chemistry: macroporous crystalline vanadium oxide foam. Nature. 2002;416(6882):702.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Kesavan L, Tiruvalam R, Ab Rahim MH, et al. Solvent-free oxidation of primary carbon-hydrogen bonds in toluene using Au-Pd alloy nanoparticles. Science. 2011;331(6014):195–199.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Griffin PM, Nembhard HB, DeFlitch CJ, Bastian ND, Kang H, Muñoz DA. Healthcare Systems Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

Golnaraghi M, editor. Institutional Partnerships in Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems: A Compilation of Seven National Good Practices and Guiding Principles. 1st ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Kress B. Neurolues. In: Hähnel S, editor. Inflammatory Diseases of the Brain. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009. p. 71–74.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Radiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Hummingbirds Are More Efficient Than Helicopters When It Comes To Hovering. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/hummingbirds-are-more-efficient-helicopters-when-it-comes-hovering/. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need To Improve System for Managing Capitalized Equipment in the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1968 May. Report No.: B-114868.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gage JD. An inconsistency-based approach for sensing assessment in unknown environments [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Russian Writer, Facing Charges, Warns Free Expression Is at Risk. New York Times. July 16, 2002;A7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Radiology
Abbreviation	Radiology
ISSN (print)	0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging