How to format your references using the Archives of Internal Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Internal Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Desiraju GR. Midsummer madness. Nature. 2004;431(7004):25.

A journal article with 2 authors

Uversky VN, Dunker AK. Biochemistry. Controlled chaos. Science. 2008;322(5906):1340-1341.

A journal article with 3 authors

Weng L, Menczer F, Ahn YY. Virality prediction and community structure in social networks. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2522.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Strukov DB, Snider GS, Stewart DR, Williams RS. The missing memristor found. Nature. 2008;453(7191):80-83.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

McMaster MC. HPLC. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2007.

An edited book

Gao C, ed. Polymeric Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration: From Surface/Interface Design to 3D Constructs. Springer; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Silcox HMM. The Evolution of Justice in The Oresteia. In: Tymieniecka AT, ed. Destiny, the Inward Quest, Temporality and Life. Springer Netherlands; 2011:33-41.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Internal Medicine.

Blog post

Fang J. Monkeys Use Researchers as Human Shields. IFLScience. July 26, 2014. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/monkeys-use-researchers-human-shields/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Comments on CRS Direct Loan Report. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1993.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perilla JY. Support Group for Neonatal Intensive Care Families: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hubbard B, Schmitt E, Gordon MR. Cease-Fire in Syria Holds, Giving Hope to Peace Talks. New York Times. December 30, 2016:A11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Internal Medicine
Abbreviation	Arch. Intern. Med.
ISSN (print)	0003-9926
ISSN (online)	1538-3679
Scope	Internal Medicine