How to format your references using the Archives of Physiotherapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Archives of Physiotherapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Nebel CE. Chemistry. Surface-conducting diamond. Science. 2007;318:1391–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Moran NA, Jarvik T. Lateral transfer of genes from fungi underlies carotenoid production in aphids. Science. 2010;328:624–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Niu M, Cheng D, Cao D. SiH/TiO2 and GeH/TiO2 heterojunctions: promising TiO2-based photocatalysts under visible light. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4810.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Hanyu-Nakamura K, Sonobe-Nojima H, Tanigawa A, Lasko P, Nakamura A. Drosophila Pgc protein inhibits P-TEFb recruitment to chromatin in primordial germ cells. Nature. 2008;451:730–3.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Prud’homme R. Flows and Chemical Reactions. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2012.

An edited book

1. Castro F de, Hogenboom B, Baud M, editors. Environmental Governance in Latin America. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Hicks S. The Funding of Higher Education in England. In: Bell G, Warwick J, Galbraith P, editors. Higher Education Management and Operational Research: Demonstrating New Practices and Metaphors. Rotterdam: SensePublishers; 2012. p. 79–94.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Archives of Physiotherapy.

Blog post

1. Fang J. They May Be Loners, But Unpopular Marmots Protect the Colony [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/they-may-be-loners-unpopular-marmots-protect-colony/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airport and Airway Trust Fund: Less Than Half of Noncommercial Jet Fuel Tax Receipts Are Transferred. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2016 Aug. Report No.: GAO-16-746R.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Lanigan LG. Effects of Two Cancer Genes, HTLV-1 Tax and E-Cadherin, on Cancer Development and Progression [Doctoral dissertation]. [Columbus, OH]: Ohio State University; 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Walsh MW, de la MERCED MJ. Big Setback For A.I.G. In Repaying Taxpayers. New York Times. 2010 Jun 2;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Archives of Physiotherapy
Abbreviation	Arch. Physiother.
ISSN (online)	2057-0082
Scope